Qubahan Political Journal (QPJ) is committed to maintaining the accuracy and integrity of the scholarly record.

Corrections

A formal correction may be published when an error affects the accuracy, interpretation, metadata, authorship, presentation, or understanding of an article but does not invalidate the work as a whole.

Corrections will be clearly identified and linked to the original article.

Minor typographical errors that do not affect scholarly meaning may be corrected without a formal notice where appropriate.

Retractions

An article may be retracted when reliable evidence indicates that:

• findings are unreliable because of serious error or misconduct;
• data have been fabricated or falsified;
• plagiarism is established;
• redundant or duplicate publication has occurred;
• research was conducted unethically;
• peer review or authorship was manipulated; or
• another serious integrity concern makes continued reliance on the article inappropriate.

A retraction notice will explain the reason for retraction and will be linked to the original article.

The original article will normally remain part of the scholarly record but will be clearly identified as retracted.

Expressions of Concern

QPJ may publish an Expression of Concern where serious questions have been raised about an article but an investigation has not yet reached a reliable conclusion.

Article Withdrawal

Withdrawal of an unpublished or early-stage article may be considered in exceptional circumstances involving serious legal, ethical, privacy, or publication-integrity concerns.

Metadata

Where a correction, Expression of Concern, or retraction is issued, relevant article metadata and DOI records will be updated where appropriate.

Post-Publication Integrity

QPJ will consider credible concerns raised by authors, readers, reviewers, institutions, or other parties and will take appropriate action to protect the integrity of the scholarly record.