Qubahan Political Journal (QPJ) is committed to ensuring that all research involving human participants and animals complies with recognized ethical standards and applicable regulations.

• Authors conducting research involving human participants or animals must ensure that their studies do not pose unnecessary risks and obtain approval from an appropriate institutional ethics committee where required.

• Research involving human participants or animals must comply with applicable national and international ethical standards and legal requirements.

• For studies involving political surveys, interviews, electoral research, public opinion assessments, or other human participants, authors must obtain informed consent and provide an appropriate ethics approval statement, unless an authorized exemption or waiver applies.

• For research involving human images, interviews, recordings, political affiliations, or personal information, authors must protect participants' identities and obtain appropriate consent for publication when individuals are identifiable.

• Research involving animals, where applicable, must receive prior ethical approval where required and comply with relevant animal welfare regulations.

• Ethical approval and necessary permissions must be obtained before conducting research whenever required by the relevant regulatory or institutional authorities.

• Research involving political participation, governance, public policy, international relations, or politically sensitive populations must follow recognized ethical guidelines and prioritize participant safety, confidentiality, and voluntary participation.

• Authors must include an ethics statement in the Methods section specifying the approving committee, approval number (where applicable), and relevant consent procedures.

• Research involving vulnerable populations, political activists, refugees, displaced persons, or individuals participating in politically sensitive studies must include appropriate safeguards against identification, coercion, discrimination, and potential harm.

• QPJ strongly encourages the 3Rs principles (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) for any applicable animal research to minimize animal use and improve animal welfare.

This policy follows applicable ethical principles and recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and relevant international research ethics guidelines.